http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2188 Search the Channel search http://repository.ksu.edu.sa/jspui/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19271 Title: Development of Tibiofemoral Angle in Normal Children from 2 to 12 Years of Age in Riyadh City-Saudi Arabia<br/><br/>Authors: Badahdah, Wafa Ahmad Salem; Abdel Rahman, Dr. Samia Abdel Rahman<br/><br/>Abstract: Background: The normal development of the knee angle in children follows a certain pattern during growth in the axial alignment which might be affected by racial factor. Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the normal developmental limits of the knee angle in normal Saudi children as well as to compare between girls and boys regarding the development of the knee angle. Methods: The present investigation was carried out on 300 Saudi normal children having the age range of 2-12 years. The subjects were selected from both sexes (150 girls and 150 boys) and were selected from nurseries and schools of five different areas in Riyadh city. The subjects in each gender were divided according to their age into ten age groups. The knee angle was assessed by measuring the tibiofemoral angle, the intercondyler distance and theintermalleolar distance. The used instruments were goniometer, tape measure and caliper. Results: There was a tendency of knock knee in children aging from 2 to 12 years which decreased towards normal lower extremity alignment with age increment for both sexes. There was no significant differences between girls and boys regarding the tibiofemoral angle, the intercondyler distance and the intermalleolar distance (p=0.605, 0.510 and 0.630 respectively). Conclusion: A valgus alignment (valgus knee angle) was observed in the development of the knee angle in children aged from 2 to 12 years which was decreased with age increment. There was no significant difference between girls and boys regarding the development of the knee angle.Key words: Children, clinical measurements, Knee angle, Tibiofemoral angle, Intercondyler distance, Intermalleolar distance, Bowlegs, Genu varum, Knock-knees and Genu varum. Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19270 Title: Efficacy of Taping versus Prefabricated Medical Shoes on Kinematic Gait Parameters in Saudi Children with Down Syndrome<br/><br/>Authors: Al-abdulrazaq, Sultana Sultan; Hafz, Dr . Yahia Nassef M.Abd<br/><br/>Abstract: Back ground; Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that is caused by anextra chromosome 21 that is present in all or some of the individual's cells .The presence of an extra chromosome in DS gives rise to certain congnitivedeficits and results in significant delays in the onset of motor skills,including qualitative differences in movement patterns, compared with thenormal children.In Down syndrome an increased incidence of orthopaedic problems ispresent. Orthopaedic pathology in DS is mostly secondary to hypotonia,ligamentous laxity, and hyperflexibility of the joints.More commonorthopaedic problems are of minor severity and generally involve thelower extremities. Flat foot deformity secondary to ligamentous laxity isobserved in more than 90% of persons with Down syndrome.Feet play an important role in supporting body weight, reducing the forceexerted on lower limbs and related joints, absorbing vibrations, bufferingimpacts and controlling the balance of body when body is in contact withthe ground. Flat foot (Pes planus ) is a condition in which the foot does nothave a normal medial longitudinal arch, flat foot is associated withpronated foot. It is widely believed that a person with pes planus andpronation foot has an increased susceptibility to mechanical overloading oftheir leg and/or foot structures flatfoot. Also, it is not only a staticalignment problem of the ankle and foot complex but could be theconsequence of a dynamic functional change of the lower extremity . Ifpronation is diagnosed before the age of five it can usually be treated insuch a manner that the bones and joints will be aligned properly as growthcontinues attributable to the young foot is still largely made of cartilage,with less bone than would be present in the adult foot.Most studies available relative to flat foot and gait in DS childrenconcern the effect of orthotics as conservative treatment for pronationand flatfoot .This study have been use two types of intervention to limited and controlthe flat feet and pronation in down syndrome to improve gait and avoidproblems in prolonged stress situations without the limitation in anyactivity or interfere in muscles strength . Shoe and Taping are widelyused for both foot and ankle problems. Shoe influence in both flat footand pronation.. A number of studies believe that the medical shoe is mostappropriately used for the flexible flat foot children , and found that themedial support in a shoe may provide increased stability to the foot andleg and may reduce the maximal foot pronation. Also , ankle taping canPDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.combe correct malalignment of the foot depends on mechanical andphysiological effects by ability of taping to stiffen the ankle joint andlimits the hypermobility and improve the gait pattern.Purpose ; was to compare between the instant effect of taping and medicalshoes on kinematic gait parameters in Saudi children with downsyndrome.Subjects and Methods ; A total of 45 children participated in this study.Thirty children with DS and 15 normal children . Their ages between 3-5year old. The Down Syndrome children were recruited from The Downsyndrome school in Riyadh. All childern were able to walk for at least oneyear without wearing foot orthoses or any medical shoes. Each child hadadequate hindfoot flexibility to be positioned in neutral heel alignment andhad excessively pronated feet in standing. Down's Syndrome children wererandomly divided into two equal groups. Group A was applied taping andgroup B was wearing shoes Step length , stride length ,velocity and base ofsupport were measured by using foot print analysis.Results; Statistical analysis showed that walking with tape or shoes have asignificant improving in all gait factors (step length , stride length ,velocityand base of support) and no significant differences between those wearshoes and tape. Also, there were no statistically significant differencescould be demonstrated at step length and stride length between the normalchildren and DS only the different was found in velocity and base ofsupports.Conclusions; it was concluded that walking with tape and wearing shoeshave a significant effect in improving in gait parameters in DownSyndrome children. Wed, 23 Jun 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19269 Title: Exercises versus Manual Therapy in Elderly Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis<br/><br/>Authors: Alamri, Shar A; Hafz, Dr. Yehia M.Abd<br/><br/>Abstract: Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative articular diseasewhich is slowly evolving that appears to originate in the cartilage bybreaking down and affects the underlying bone, soft tissues, and synovialfluid. Age is the strongest determinant of knee osteoarthritis. As thepopulation ages, the number of persons suffering from OA is expected toincrease. The prevalence of OA increases after the age of 40 years inwomen and 50 years in men. The individuals with knee OA havefunctional limitations due to pain , such as inability to perform Activitiesof Daily Living (ADL) or Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL). Purpose: was to evaluate the effectiveness of exercises aloneversus manual therapy plus exercises in knee osteoarthritis elderlypatients. Design: Randomized clinical trail. Subjects and Methods: 40male patients with osteoarthritis of the knee who were randomly assignedto one of two groups that received exercises alone (n = 20; mean age, 60years) or manual therapy and exercises (n = 20; mean age, 61 years).Both groups were received their programs for 4 weeks; two sessions perweek. Measurements: Sum of the function, pain, and stiffness subscoreof the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC), VAS and ROM of knee. An assessment was made for eachgroup at the initial visit (before initiation of treatment) and at end ofprogram. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement inWOMAC score, VAS and ROM of knee. There were no statisticalsignificant difference between the two groups except the ROM of kneewhich is significantly different. Conclusion: Manual therapy improvesthe effectiveness of the treatment program of exercises in treatingsymptoms of knee OA and improves function in elderly people with kneeOA.KEY WORDS: Knee osteoarthritis, Exercises, Manual therapy. Sun, 19 Jun 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19268 Title: Normal Craniovertebral Angle Variations According to Age and Sex in 7-9 Years-Old Children<br/><br/>Authors: BASUODAN, REEM MOHAMMED; Shaheen, Dr. Afaf Ahmed<br/><br/>Abstract: Background: Craniovertebral angle (CVA) is one of the reliable and objective methods of assessing head posture which provide useful information about the head posture alignment. Objectives: To quantitatively describe the postural alignment of upright, static, sagittal head posture in children aged between 7 to 9 years old and to study and compare the effect of age and sex on head posture. Subjects and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 200 children of both sexes aged between 7 to 9 years recruited from primary schools in Riyadh. The children were equally divided into two groups, group I (7 to < 8 years) and group II (8 to ≤ 9 years). The children were photographed while maintaining the upright static natural position with digital camera. Digitizing soft ware was used to calculate the CVA value for each child. Descriptive statistic, independent samples t-test, and Two ways Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with two factors (sex and age) were used to detect any possible influence of age and sex on CVA. Results: The results revealed non significant effect of age on CVA (P=0.77), while there was high statistical significant effect of sex on CVA (P=0.001). Significant effect of sex and age interaction on CVA (p= .003) was approved. Conclusion: This study outlined the CVA variations according to age and sex in 7 to 9 years children. The CVA values determined by this research may serve as guidelines for clinicians when conducting postural assessments, and in clinical decision makingregarding possible interventions.Key words: Head posture, Craniovertebral angle, Children, Age, Sex. Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT