http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2193 Search the Channel search http://repository.ksu.edu.sa/jspui/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19319 Title: Phytochemical and Biological Study of Tamarix nilotica Growing in Saudi Arabia<br/><br/>Authors: Orfali, Raha Saud; El-Shafae, Azza<br/><br/>Abstract: Tamarix nilotica, is a member of the family Tamaricaceae. It is a shrubthat grown in Saudi Arabia, the aerial parts of the plant has been subjected toa phytochemical study and the following results has been concluded:a. Isolation and structure elucidation of eleven compounds present inTamarix nilotica using physical, chemical and spectral techniques, theyare:1- Three sterols and triterpenoids identified as: β-sitosterol,lupeol and 3-O-caffeoyl isomyricadiol (isolated for the first timefrom nature).2- Six flavonoids identified as: clematine, naringenin, kaempferol-7-methyl ether, kaempferol-7, 4`-dimethyl ether, kaempferide anddillenetin.3- A cinnamic acid derivative identified as: isoferulic acid methylester.4- An acid amide identified as: N-trans-feruloyltyramine (III).b. Investigations of 28 components from the essential oil of the plant.c. Evaluation of the biological activities of different extracts and isolatedcompounds especially for their cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory andantimicrobial activities. 3-O-caffeoyl isomyricadiol (the new isolatedcompound) has the highest anticancer activity.<br/><br/>Description: Masters Sat, 13 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19318 Title: Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Biological Properties of Albizia lebbeck Flowers Growing in Saudi Arabia<br/><br/>Authors: El Halim Abdallah, Mohamed Farag Abd; El Gamal, Ali A; Khalil, Ashraf T.<br/><br/>Abstract: Albizia lebbeck L. ( ( خبل ايزيبللأا is a member of the legume family (Fabaceae) which is the third largest family of flowering plants with more than 18,000 described species. A. lebbeck L. is among the most important tree species imported many years ago from India and well adapted to the harsh environmental conditions of the central part of Saudi Arabia. It is used for furniture, flooring and a variety of agricultural tools. The cut bark yields a reddish-brown gum used as a substitute for gum Arabic obtained from Acacia senegal. A. lebbeck L. has many synonyms such as Acacia, koko, shack-shack, whistling-bean, Sarenh and woman’s tongue.The current literature revealed that some plants belonging to the genus Albizia have possessed medicinal values. Previous phytochemical investigation of differentspecies belonging to genus Albizia afforded different classes of secondary metabolites such as saponins, terpens, alkaloids and flavonoids. Some bioactive compounds were isolated and identified from genus Albizia e.g. triterpenoid saponins (julibroside J29, julibroside J30, julibroside J31) , novel macrocyclic alkaloids (budmunchiamines A, B and C) and two flavonol glycosides (quercitrin and isoquercitrin) which showed different biological activities such as anti-tumor, antiplatelets aggregation and bactericidal activities.Reviewing the current literature for the importance of the plant Albizia lebbeck growing worldwide revealed many biological interests, but nothing was reported concerning the species cultivated in Saudi Arabia. This study was dedicated to the biological investigations of some phytochemical metabolites in A. lebbeck. Preliminary biological evaluation of different extracts of the titled species has been performed and revealed the presence of secondary metabolites exhibiting antibacterial, estrogenic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.The phytochemical investigation of A. lebbeck cultivated in Saudi Arabia resulted in isolation and identification of one novel β- lactam derivative; albactam, in addition to seven knwon compounds; β- Amyrin, 11α, 12α-oxidotaraxerol, 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- [(2S, 3S, 4R, 8E)-2-[(2-R)-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-8-tetra-cosene-1, 3, 4-triol, [(2S, 3S, 4R, 8E)-2-[(2’R)-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-8-tetra-cosene-1, 3, 4-triol, 3, 7-dimethyloct-1-en-3, 6, 7-triol, rutin and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. 11α, 12α-oxidotaraxerol, 3, 7-dimethyloct-1-en-3, 6, 7-triol, ceramide and its glycoside are reported for the first time from the species lebbeck.The new compound, albactam, was subjected to further biological evaluation and it showed anti-aggregatory activity against adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid-induced guinea-pigs' platelets aggregation in vitro at doses 208 μg/ml and 172 μg/ml respectively, whereas yields of other compounds were low.Therefore, this study is represented in five parts:- Part 1: The introductory part that includes a review of taxonomic classification of Albizia lebbeck, folkloric uses and biological activities.Furthermore, the isolation of chemical constituents from A. lebbeck are covered in this part.- Part 2: Materials and methods that includes all materials, equipments and techniques used in this study. In addition, the details of the biological evaluation methods, isolation and characterization of isolates are covered. Moreover, detailed preliminary phytochemical screening tests are also presented.- Part 3: Results and discussion includes characterization and structure elucidations of the isolated compounds are listed.- Part 4: Detailed biological screening results for antimicrobial, antipyretic, analgesic, estrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities are presented in the biological investigation part.- Part 5: Includes a list of references found at the end of this thesis<br/><br/>Description: Masters Sat, 25 Jun 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19317 Title: Pharmacognostical Study of Salvia merjamie Forssk Growing in Saudi Arabia<br/><br/>Authors: Al-Sheddi, Ebtesam Saad; Al-Rehaily, Adnan J<br/><br/>Abstract: Salvia merjamie, is a member of Lamiaceae family. It is very leafy herb (includingflower stem), up to 25 cm tall; pure white flowers 1cm long with thin lines on the lip,cupped in a hairy calyx with faint aromatic odor.The thesis consists of 240 pages, started with a comprehensive introduction of38 pages and ended with a list of 200 references, it includes 33 tables and 86 figures. Inaddition to 3 pages of English summary and 3 pages for Arabic summary.The pharmacognostical study of Salvia merjamie were investigated through thefollowing objectives:1. Study of the macro and micromorphological characters of the plant both inentire and powdered forms.2. Preliminary phytochemcial screening.3. Analysis of the essential oil constituents in the leaves.4. Investigation of the lipid content.5. Isolation and characterization of the major compounds.6. Evaluation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant and antihypertensive activities ofdifferent extracts and the major pure compounds.For achievement of these goals, the thesis has been divided into:Introduction, Materials, Equipment and Techniques, Macro- andMicromorphological Study, Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Essential Oil andLipid Content, Phytochemical Study and Pharmacological Study.· "Introduction"; includes a brief discussion on the chemical constituents offamily Lamiaceae and folk use of different Salvia species. Thephytochemistry of genus Salvia was discussed with emphasis on thechemical constituents having biological activities.· "Materials, Equipment and Techniques"; lists all materials, equipmentand techniques used in botanical, chemical and biological studies.· "Macro and Micromorphological Study"; embodies the macroscopicaland microscopical characters of different organs of the plant (root, stem, leafand flower). The quantitative values (palisade-ratio, vein-islet number, veinterminalnumber, stomatal number and stomatal index) of the leaf weredetermined in addition to the crude fibre, moisture content and ash values.· "Preliminary Phytochemical Screening"; was undertaken for theidentification of different types of chemical constituents present in thepowdered whole plant and successive extracts of Salvia merjamie Forssk.This study revealed the presence of carbohydrates and/or glycosides,flavonoids, sterols and/or triterpenes, volatile constituents and traces oftannins and absence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides andsaponins.· "Essential Oil and Lipid Content"; preparation of the essential oil of theleaves of Salvia merjamie Forssk (0.05% v/w) was done by hydrodistillationand GC/MS analysis of it revealed the presence of 32 compounds,27 were identified representing 99.23% of the total oil composition. α-pinenewas the major constituent followed by linalool, cis-β-terpineol, β-pinene andlimonene. GLC analysis of the unsaponifiable matter of n-hexane extract ofthe aerial part of the plant revealed the presence of 30 compounds, 26compounds were identified constituting 91.93% of the total unsaponifiablematter, octacosane was the major constituent where β-sitosterol was themajor steroidal compound. GLC analysis of fatty acids methyl esters proved the presence of 25 fatty acids, 17 were identified (85.53%), where linolenicacid and palmitic acid were the major fatty acids.· "Phytochemical Study"; comprises the details for extraction and solventpartitioning of Salvia merjamie Forssk. In addition, it elaborates on theisolation using different suitable chromatographic techniques,characterization and discussion of each isolated compound and providesrationale for the methodologies used for characterization of all isolatedcompounds, using all necessary spectroscopic techniques, including IR, UV,MS and 1D and 2D NMR. 19 compounds were isolated and identified; 4triterpenes; oleanolic acid, β-amyrin, maslinic acid and asiatic acid. 2steroidal compounds; β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-3-o-β-glucoside. 2flavonoids; 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone and salvigenin. 2 abietanediterpenes; (+)-ferruginol and (+)-7α-acetylhorminone. 2 nor-diterpenes; 6α-hydroxynorambrienolide and 17-epi-6α-hydroxynorambrienolide. 2sesterpenes; yosgadensolide A and 6α,14-Dihydroxy-13-epi-manoyloxide-15,17-dien-16,19-olide. One secoabietane diterpene; 6-epimeric 11, 12-dihydroxy-6, 7-secoabieta-8, 11, 13-trien-6, 7-dial-11, 6-hemiacetals and 2phenolic compounds; 2, 4-ditert-butylphenol and 3',4'-dihydroxyphenylcaffeate were isolated and identified. In addition to 2 syntheticpolypropylene compounds; octadecyl-3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate and bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate.· "Pharmacological Study"; includes the acute toxicity test of petroleumether and ethanol extracts of Salvia merjamie Forssk. Besides, thedetermination of antimicrobial activity and MIC values of different extracts,essential oil and isolated compounds. Furthermore, the antihypertensive andantioxidant activities of different extracts of Salvia merjamie Forssk wereevaluated. Some of the tested extracts and the isolated compounds showedsignificant antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. Thestudy revealed that the tested extracts possess vasodepressant as well ascardiodepressant activities. Furthermore, some of the tested extracts showedantioxidant activity.<br/><br/>Description: PhD Wed, 08 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19316 Title: Pharmacognostical and Biological Study of Caralluma sinaica Growing in Saudi Arabia<br/><br/>Authors: Al-Massarani, Shaza Mohammed; El-Shafae, Azza M<br/><br/>Abstract: Caralluma sinaica (Decne.) is a succulent edible plant, found in the western (Taif) and south western (Asir) region of Saudi Arabia. The plant is sold in the local market and is reputed to have aphrodisiac, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activities. The diverse applications of Caralluma plants in folk medicine have prompted the phytochemical and biological investigations of their constituents.This thesis involved pharmacognostical study of C. sinaica, family Asclepiadaceae, growing in Saudi Arabia. A comprehensive review of past pertinent studies and literature review indicated no previous work concerning the chemical constituents and botanical characters of the species under investigation.The goals of the thesis were:1- Preliminary phytochemical and mass spectrometric screening for the total alcoholic extract and different fractions of the investigated plant.2- Isolation and characterization of the main constituents of the plant.3- Evaluation of the biological activity of the different extracts, fractions, and some selected pure compounds in certain in vitro assays for cytotoxic, chemopreventive, antiplasmodial, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities.4- Study of the macro and micro morphological characters of the plant both in entire and powdered forms to facilitate the identification of the plant.The thesis is composed of an introduction (45 pages) and five other parts. Different results are presented in 26 tables and illustrated by 99 figures. At the end of the thesis a list of 149 references used in the different parts is given.I. Introduction; included a brief discussion in the taxonomy of Asclepiadaceae, folk uses of different Caralluma species. The phytochemistry of genus Caralluma was discussed with emphasis on pregnane glycosides constituents and their reported biological activities in literature.II. Experimental; listed all materials, equipment and techniques used in spectroscopic, phyto-chemical, biological and botanical studies.III. Phytochemical Study of the Aerial Parts of C. sinaica; preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of sterol glycosides and flavonoids. This section included detailed description for extraction and solvent partitioning of C. sinaica. and different chromatographic techniques used to isolate pure metabolites. In addition, it included chromatograms of UPLC-TOF-MS analysis for total alcoholic extract and the different fractions obtained.IV. Results and Discussion of Isolated Compounds; this section illustrated the methodology used for characterization of all isolated compounds. A total of 16 compounds were isolated and identified from the chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanolextracts based on physical, chemical and spectroscopic techniques, including IR, UV, MS and 1D and 2D NMR (Table A, pages xiv-xvi).The current literature was scrutinized for the novelty of the isolated compounds and it revealed the following:i. The pregnane glycosides: 5.7, 12.2, 12.6a1, 12.6a2, 16.9 and 16.13 are new compounds.ii. The pregnane glycosides: 3.1, 8.6, 12.3, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7 and B.7 were previously isolated from different Caralluma species.iii. The flavone aglycone (luteolin) and the flavonol glycoside (rutin) are reported for the first time from genus Caralluma.iv. The flavone glycoside (luteolin 4`-O-£]-D-neohesperidoside) was previously isolated from several species of Caralluma.V. Pharmacological Study; included the cytotoxicity and cancer chemoprotective potential in vitro bioassays performed for total alcoholic extract of the plant, different fractions and some of the isolated compounds. Compounds 3.1 and 8.6 demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity and QR induction activity with CD values of 5.8 and 6.5 ƒÝg/ml, respectively. In addition, In vitro antiplasmodial, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities were determined for the different extracts by In vitro assays and indicated that the chloroformic extract is active against L. infantum and P. falciparum (K1) with IC50 9.41 and 8.23 £gg/ml, respectively.VI. Botanical study; represented the macroscopical and microscopical characters of different organs of the plant (old stem, young stem, root and modified leaf) as well as the microscopical features of the powdered plant organs.<br/><br/>Description: PhD Sat, 18 Jun 2011 00:00:00 GMT