Evaluation of antifungal activity of vitavax and Trichoderma viride against two wheat root rot pathogens

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of applying the chemical “vitavax”, the biological control product “plant guard” and the fungal isolate T. viride to control two wheat root rot pathogens, Drechslera biseptata and Fusarium moniliforme in vitro and in vivo. Methodology and results: Vitavax, plant guard and non-sterilized culture filtrate (NSCF) of Trichoderma viride completely inhibited the growth and sporulation of F. moniliforme when applied at high doses. Hyphal extension and sporulation of D. biseptata ceased in medium amended with higher doses of NSCF of T. viride while amending the culture medium with 4% plant guard completely inhibited sporulation only. Infestation of soil with either pathogen was associated with root rot of wheat seedlings, decreasing emergence of seedlings and low values of growth parameters of wheat root and shoot. Photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrates, proteins and phenolic compounds in the host tissues decreased due to infection. Application of chemical and biological control, either alone or in combination, improved the biochemical parameters in the treated seedlings. Mechanisms of action may include induction of host resistance as was observed from the improved emergence and growth of seedlings as well as reduced disease severity. T. viride was most effective in controlling the two pathogens, both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion and application of findings: Chemical and biological control were efficient against root rot pathogens in vitro and in vivo. Application of T. viride alone or in combination with vitavax is a promising approach for managing wheat root rot.